Once you have determined that the casualty is unresponsive, it is crucial to open their airway to ensure they can breathe properly. Tilt their head back gently, lifting the chin forward. This helps to clear any obstructions and allows for a more open passage for air to flow. After adjusting the position of the head, check for any signs of breathing. Look, listen, and feel for the rise and fall of the chest, the sound of air passing in and out, and any breath against your hand. If the casualty is not breathing, it is necessary to perform CPR.
If the casualty is not breathing, it is essential to perform CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to maintain blood flow and oxygenation. Begin by checking for a pulse in the carotid artery (located on the side of the neck). If there is no pulse, you need to start chest compressions. Place the heel of your hand on the center of their chest, interlock your fingers, and position yourself directly over their chest. Push down hard and fast, aiming for a depth of about 2 inches at a rate of about 100-120 compressions per minute. After 30 compressions, provide two rescue breaths by tilting the head back, sealing your mouth over theirs, and delivering breaths. Continue this cycle until professional help arrives.
In situations where there is severe bleeding, it is crucial to control the bleeding to prevent further harm to the casualty. Before attending to the wound, ensure your own safety by putting on disposable gloves, if available. Apply direct pressure on the wound using a clean cloth or your gloved hand. Maintain steady pressure to help stop the bleeding. If the bleeding continues, you can use a bandage or cloth to cover the wound, further assisting in controlling the bleed. It is important to keep in mind that arterial bleeding may require additional pressure or the use of a tourniquet.
Fractures can cause intense pain and possibly result in further damage if not managed properly. When dealing with fractures, it is crucial to immobilize the injured area to prevent any unnecessary movement. Support the fracture with padding such as rolled-up clothing or towels, being careful not to apply pressure directly on the fractured bone. Immobilize the area by using splints or other stabilizing materials, if available. Seek medical assistance as soon as possible to ensure proper treatment and care for the fracture.
Shock can occur as a result of trauma, such as severe injuries or emotional distress. It is important to recognize the signs of shock and take immediate action to help the casualty. Lay the casualty down on their back, unless there is a head or spinal injury, in which case it is best to maintain their current position. Elevating their legs slightly can help improve blood flow to vital organs. Cover the casualty with a blanket or clothing to keep them warm and try to reassure them until professional help arrives.
Burns can be incredibly painful and require prompt attention to minimize further damage. When attending to a burn victim, the first step is to remove them from the source of the burn to prevent any further injury. While doing so, ensure that you do not put yourself in harm’s way. Once the casualty has been moved, cool the burn with running water for at least 10 minutes. This helps to reduce pain and limit the extent of the burn. After cooling the burn, cover it with a sterile dressing or clean cloth to protect the area from infection and provide some comfort.
Choking can be a terrifying situation for both the casualty and those witnessing it. Assess the person’s ability to speak or cough. If the person can speak or cough, encourage them to continue coughing in an attempt to dislodge the obstruction. Monitor them closely and be prepared to call for emergency services if the situation worsens. If the person is unable to speak or cough, perform abdominal thrusts, also known as the Heimlich maneuver. Stand behind the person, wrap your arms around their waist, clench one fist above the belly button, and grip it with your other hand. Apply upward pressure quickly and firmly to dislodge the obstruction. If the obstruction is not dislodged, call emergency services immediately.
In conclusion, these initial steps in first aid provide a framework for addressing various emergency situations. By following these steps and remaining calm, you can make a significant difference in the outcome for those in need of assistance. Remember, first aid is not a substitute for professional medical care, so always seek medical assistance as soon as possible. Your prompt action and willingness to help can potentially save lives and provide comfort to those in distress.
Related site – First aid basics and DRSABCD